Weather Terminology used in Broadcasts by CROSS |
| Native English speakers have many advantages in the world community. But they too often let themselves be put at a disadvantage because of their unwillingness (it is rarely inability) to try to learn other languages even when it is to their benefit. I never fail to be amazed at British sailors who do not even try to understand marine weather | forecasts when across the Channel (or, even, across la Manche). I can assure you that it worth the effort This page is intended as an aid to those who tentatively switch to Channel 79 or 80 on the VHF. It is simply not the case that all French people speak incredibly quickly. Bon voyage et bonne chance! |
| Wind |
Introduction |
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| Using weather forecasts is important wherever you are and it is easy when these are in English, as is the case around Spain and Italy The French are not so obliging. To help those whose French is basic to non existent, I have compiled a list of the more common terms that I have heard used by Météo France and broadcast by CROSS (French coastguard) on Chs 79 and 80. In public weather broadcasts and in conversation, many other weather terms are used and may be found in Macmillans, RYA booklet G5, the French Livre de Bord and le Guide Marine de Météo France. Good though these various publications | One of the problems is that neither CROSS nor Météo France seem to have as standardised vocabulary as is the case in the UK. Sailing in the Mediterranean I heard some words that are not used around Channel and Atlantic coasts of France.. Consequently, these lists are unlikely to be exhaustive. Please send any corrections (including spelling), amendments or other suggestions to Frank Singleton. But, note that I have tried to follow the modern French convention of not using the circumflex and cedilla accents. |
CROSS Broadcasts |
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| The French equivalent of the BBC shipping forecast is known as le Bulletin au large and can be heard in broadcasts from Radio France or received by NAVTEX. Parts of the Bulletin au large and warnings (Bulletins Météorologiques Spécials - BMS) are also broadcast by some CROSS stations on VHF channels. French inshore waters forecasts (similar to those broadcast by HMCG on VHF) - prévisions or bulletins cotières et peches - are broadcast on marine VHF channels at times to be found in MacMillans Almanac, RYA G5 and le Guide Marine de Météo France (free from most French marinas) and also available online. The Météo France booklet is likely to be the most up to date version. CROSS broadcast three times a day generally (and five times a day from the CROSS Corsen satellite stations during the period 1 May to 30 September). Forecasts are often repeated, sometimes phrase by phrase and sometimes as a whole. They are generally read out reasonably slowly and clearly so as to be understandable by anyone with a modicum of French. Even non French speakers can get a good deal from this service. In my experience, CROSS Etel is usually very good, very slow and clear. Corsen and Joburg are not quite as slow but usually understandable. Sous-CROSS Soulac can be a little fast. Possibly, also, there is a problem with the a local accent, I am not sure. When I last heard it, Gris-Nez was very fast, probably too fast unless you really are used to following the broadcasts. But, even here, practice pays dividends. In the Western Mediterranean in 2001 and 2003, CROSSMED broadcasts |
were often quite clear apart from a spell in 2001. Then there was one lady who was difficult to understand. Later in the year, she had either improved or been replaced. I am not sure which. In Northern and Western France, the morning and early afternoon forecasts are for today (aujourd'hui or la journée de ...), tonight (la nuit de ...) and an outlook (tendance ultérieure or évolution pour...) which may be for just one day or can be for several days ahead. The evening forecast is a new forecast and covers tonight (la nuit prochaine), tomorrow (le jour de ....) and an outlook.
In the Western Med, morning and midday forecasts cover today/tonight and tomorrow, separately, in reasonable detail. This is followed by "phenomenon important" normally for a two further days. The evening forecast gives tonight, tomorrow and the following day again followed by "phenomenon important". Some French marinas display transcripts of the morning broadcasts. These transcripts are a useful way of checking on your ability to understand the broadcasts. Before sailing in an area it is useful to view texts of French (and Spanish) forecasts by going to my GMDSS page These hyperlinks to the CROSS texts are commendably fast with no frills or adverts on the pages. However, the links from le guide marine de Météo France are very slow over a cell phone.. Anyone wanting to access texts from the Météo France site over a cell or mobile phone should consider using a text retrieval system. |
| North | Nord | East | Est | |
| South | Sud | West | Ouest | |
| North-east | Nord-est or Nordé*; | North-west | Nord-ouest or Norroit* | |
| South-west | Sud-ouest or Surroit* | South-east | Sud-est or Sudé*; | |
| Veering | Virant or Tournant | Freshening | Fraichissant | |
| Backing | Retournant or Revenant | Moderating | Décroissant or Mollissant | |
| Becoming (in direction) | S'Orientant | Becoming | Devenant | |
| Lull | Accalmie | Cyclonic variable | Vents cycloniques | |
| Gust | Rafale | Squall | Grain | |
| Line squall | Ligne de grain | Offshore wind | Vent de terre | |
| Sea breeze | Brise de mer, sometimes just Brise | Daytime sea breezes and night time land breezes | Brises or Régime des brises | |
| Calm - F0 | Calme | Light airs - F1 | Très légère brise** | |
| Light breeze - F2 | Légère brise** | Gentle breeze - F3 | Petite brise** | |
| Moderate Breeze - F4 | Jolie brise** | Fresh breeze - F5 | Bonne brise** | |
| Strong Breeze - F6 | Vent frais** | Near gale - F7 | Grand frais | |
| Gale - F8 | Coup de vent | Severe gale - F9 | Fort coup de vent | |
| Storm - F10 | Tempete | Violent storm - F11 | Violent tempete | |
| Hurricane - F12 | Ouragan | Warning | Avis or BMS*** | |
| Strong wind warning | Avis de vent frais (or grand frais) | Gale warning | Avis de coup de vent | |
| Storm warning | Avis de tempete | . | . |
| * NOTE Forecasts sometimes used to use the Breton words, Norroit etc for North-west etc. These greatly aided clarity since Nord Est and Nord Ouest can easily be confused, especially if reception is poor. I have not heard them since France Telecom ceased to broadcast forecasts from CRS. I have left the terms in the hope that their use might be reintroduced. ** NOTE I have never heard CROSS use these descriptive terms eg Jolie Brise |
except for Calme and Grand Frais or stronger. These are included here for completeness sake. However, in the Mediterranean "phenomenon important" I have heard the words Moderé, Assez Fort and Fort used to mean, approximately, Beaufort Forces 3-5, 6 and 7-8. Météo France says that these are not exact equivalents. *** NOTE CROSS issue warnings of Fog as well as strong winds. |
| Fine | Beau temp | Cloudy | Nuageux | |
| Sunny | Ensoleillé | Clear sky | Clair or dégagé | |
| Clear spells or bright intervals | Eclaircie | Overcast | Couvert | |
| Rain | Pluie | Showers | Averses | |
| Prolonged or heavy showers | Ondées | . | ||
| Drizzle | Crachins* | Hail | Grele | |
| Snow | Neige | Thunderstorm | Orage | |
| Sleet | Neige et pluie | Lightning | Eclairs | |
| Thunder | Tonnerre | Stormy (ie thundery) | Orageuse | |
| Fog | Brouillard* | Good (visibility)** | Bonne | |
| Mist | Brume* | Moderate (visibility)** | Moderée | |
| Fog banks | Bancs de brouillard | Poor (visibility)** | Mauvaise | |
| Light or slight | Faible | Heavy or dense, (sometimes also Humid) | Lourd | |
| Isolated | Isolé | Frequent | Fréquent | |
| Extensive or widespread | Etendue | Clearing | Eclaircissement | |
| Becoming | Devenant | Improvement | Amélioration | |
| Occasional | Eparse or Occasionel | Temporarily | Témporaires | |
| Locally | Localement | Risk of | Menace de | |
| Increasing | Augmentant | Dispersing or clearing | Se dispersant, S'atténuant or Se dissipant | |
| Continuous | Continue | Intermittent | Intermittent |
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| * NOTE In marine forecasts broadcast by CROSS the words Brume (mist) and Bruine (drizzle) are not usually used. This is in order to avoid confusion with each other. Crachins (literally spits) is used for drizzle. | ** NOTE In Channel and Atlantic coast forecasts, words are not usually used to describe visibility which is given in miles (milles) or metres. The descriptive terms are used in the Med. |
| The forecast | Prévision or Le météo | General synopsis | Situation général et évolution | |
| None (in the sense of no warnings) | Néant or Rien prévu | Warning or Special broadcast | Avis or Bulletin Météorologique Spécial (BMS) | |
| Outlook | Tendance ultérieure or Evolution | . | . | |
| Air stream | Courant (d'air) or Flux | Disturbed westerly weather, series of warm and cold fronts | Flux perturbé or Perturbation | |
| High Pressure* | Anticyclone or Haut pression | Low pressure* | Dépression or Bas pression | |
| Shallow low | Dépression relative | Deep low | Dépression profonde | |
| Ridge | Dorsale | Trough | Creux or Thalweg (Talweg) | |
| (Pressure) Gradient | Gradient (de pression) | Isobar | Isobare | |
| Heat low | Dépression thermique | Unstable air | Instable (atmosphère) | |
| Complex low | Dépression complexe | Large shallow (thundery) low | Marais barométrique | |
| Deepening | Se creusant | Filling | Se comblant | |
| Falling (pressure) | En baisse | Rising (pressure) | En hausse | |
| Cold/warm front | Front froid/chaud | Waving cold front | Front froid ondulant | |
| Warm sector | Secteur chaud | Occlusion | Occlusion or Front occlus | |
| Moving | Se déplacant | Stationary | Stationnaire | |
| Quickly | Rapidement | Slowly | Lentement |
* NOTE Météo France uses the scientifically correct term hectopascal for units of pressure. 1 hectopascal = 1 millibar.
| Swell | Houle | Waves | Vagues | |
| Sea state | Etat de la mer | Calm | Calme | |
| Smooth | Belle | Slight | Peu agitée | |
| Moderate | Agitée | Rough | Forte | |
| Very rough | Trés forte | High | Grosse | |
| Confused sea | Mer confondue | Wind sea. | Mer du vent. |
© Frank Singleton, February 2000
2 February, 2000. Updates 20 October 2001, foreword added October 2002, minor amends September, 2006